We all know that most electrical appliances get their power by being plugged into a wall-mounted socket outlet. What we might not realize is that each socket is connected to a ring main circuit, a cable that runs in a ring around the rooms it serves. Both ends of the circuit cable are connected to the live and neutral terminals in the house fuse board or consumer unit. As the current can flow to a socket outlet either way round the ring, the circuit?s capacity is capable of serving any number of socket outlets, which may be single, double or triple types.
The only restriction on a ring main circuit is the total floor area of the rooms it serves ? a maximum of 100 sq m (1075 sq ft). The average modern home has lots of low-wattage technology around that is not all switched on at the same time. This means that most homes have two or three ring main circuits ? often one for upstairs rooms and one for downstairs, plus a separate ring for the kitchen, where most appliances are used.
The ring main circuit can also supply socket outlets connected to it by a spur cable ? a sort of branch line that is connected to the ring main circuit either at a socket outlet on the circuit, or at a special junction box. The circuit can supply as many spurs as there are socket outlets on the ring main circuit itself. This allows you to add extra socket outlets to the circuit if you wish.
Source: http://homeimprovementdiy.info/home-diy-ring-main-circuits/
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